Impulse - Force Over Time

Impulse - Force Over Time Force applied over time creates an impulse, a change in momentum. Impulse is defined in classical mechanics as a force multiplied by the amount of time it acts over. In calculus terms, the impulse can be calculated as the integral of force with respect to time.  The symbol for impulse is J or Imp.   Force is a vector quantity (the direction matters) and impulse is also a vector in the same direction. When an impulse is applied to an object, it has a vector change in its linear momentum. Impulse is the product of the average net force acting on an object and its duration.  J  Ã‚  F̅Δt Alternately, impulse can be calculated as the difference in momentum between two given instances.  Impulse change in momentum force x time. Units of Impulse The SI unit of impulse is the same as for momentum, the Newton second N*s or kg*m/s. The two terms are equal. English engineering units for impulse are pound-second (lbf*s) and slug-foot per second (slug*ft/s). The Impulse-Momentum Theorem This theorem is logically equivalent to Newtons second law of motion: force equals mass times acceleration, also known as the force law. The change in momentum of an object equals the impulse applied to it.  J  Ã‚  ÃŽâ€ p. This theorem can be applied to a constant mass or to a changing mass. It is relevant especially to rockets, where the mass of the rocket changes as fuel is expended to produce the thrust. Impulse of Force The product of average force and the time in which it is exerted is the impulse of force. It is equal to the change of momentum of an object that isnt changing mass. This is a useful concept when you are studying impact forces. If you increase the time over which the change of force happens, the impact force also decreases. This is used in mechanical design for safety, and it is useful in sports applications as well. You want to reduce the impact force for a car hitting guardrail, for example, by designing the guardrail to collapse as well as designing parts of the car to crumple on impact. This lengthens the time of the impact and therefore the force. If you want a ball to be propelled further, you want to shorten the time of impact with a racket or bat, raising the impact force. Meanwhile, a boxer knows to lean away from a punch so it takes longer in landing, reducing the impact. Specific Impulse Specific impulse is a measure of the efficiency of rockets and jet engines. It is the total impulse that is produced by a unit of propellant as it is consumed. If a rocket has a higher specific impulse, it needs less propellant to gain altitude, distance, and speed. It is the equivalent of the thrust divided by the propellant flow rate. If the propellant weight is used (in Newton or pound), specific impulse is measured in seconds. This is often how rocket engine performance is reported by manufacturers.

Benefits Provided By Digital Marketing For Entrepreneurs

Benefits Provided By Digital Marketing For Entrepreneurs There are way many conspicuous benefits being provided by digital marketing for both entrepreneurs and barons from any type of company all over Australia. According to statistics, almost 30% of the marketing budget is channeled to digital marketing and 50% of the data we receive as targeted audiences are from the internet. This leads to a profit of about 35% from digital marketing. These statistics show that digital marketing is so much cost effective and budget friendly in return. Away from these, there are the key contributing aspects that have aided the rise of digital marketing in Australia. Redesigning and refurbishment of the Mobile advertising This sounds odd at first since many people dislike mobile advertising from the first mention. This is because it is disruptive when browsing on the internet and something irrelevant for your preferences pops up on the screen. Marketers have found a new way of approaching this. They do this by embedding adds in a more reasonable, tidy, enticing but friendly way. This has geared the rise of digital marketing in Australia by a tonne. The Content Marketing Idea This is based on the long-term relationship with the customers who at first are randomly selected regardless of whether they are targeted or not. After some time, the unwanted customers will be sieved off due to their lack of interest. Since it is done online, the marketers will follow up their clients closely with more adds. The output for this kind of marketing has really proved to be immense. The Gigantic Facebook Platform Of all the social media platforms, Facebook has really taken a wave. The incorporation of video clips on this site has given a boost to the rise of digital marketing in Australia. Marketers have really given this opportunity to mega investments. It is through this that many Facebook users are able to access marketed products by only logging into their accounts. This is attributed to the fact that the human mind is easily swayed away by videos rather than static pictures. Online Shopping We all live in an era where we opt not to spend the time to go out shopping. Instead, we do this online. Many trading companies have collaborated mutually with online shopping sites to serve their customers with products and advertisements. The rise of digital marketing in Australia has not yet been experienced since every day, we wait for yet another revolution that will drive it further ahead.

Child Sexual Abuse Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Child Sexual Abuse - Case Study Example based, before hey can be used in clinical practice. This was acknowledged by John Forfar, the then president of the British Pediatric Association, who wrote on e of the Pediatricians involved, Dr.Mariett Higgs, in July 1987 and gave an admonishment in regards to use of the anal dilation test. He stated;"The regulation of medical practice is achievedbest when it is accomplishedwithinthe medical profession. New stances based on a new awareness of clinical signs, ornew significances being attached to them, require first to be established within theprofession. This takes some time and requires persuasion and scientific evidence ofvalidity, based on the accepted method or communication to professional journals orscientific meetings"(Forfar) In the early months of the crisis, the allegations involved work class families, who were confused bewildered, and angry of being accusedof sexually abusing their children, but they were powerless againstmiddle class professionals with the authority, power, and legal sanctions to support their actions. Charles Prugnell in his piece "An abuse and misuseof professional power describes the pressure placed on the working class by the middle class thusly:"From a sociological perspective, therefore, the events in Cleveland could be seen as apunitive form of middle class oppressionof working class families by middle classprofessionalsand an imposition of middle class values on the workingclass' (Prugnell) One of the key issues in the Cleveland sex abuse scandal was the power of...In the early months of the crisis, the allegations involved work class families, who were confused bewildered, and angry of being accused of sexually abusing their children, but they were powerless against middle class professionals with the authority, power, and legal sanctions to support their actions. Charles Prugnell in his piece â€Å"An abuse and misuse of professional power describes the pressure placed on the working class by the middle class thusly: â€Å"From a sociological perspective, therefore, the events in Cleveland could be seen as a punitive form of middle class oppression of working class families by middle class professionals and an imposition of middle class values on the working class’ (Prugnell) One of the key issues in the Cleveland sex abuse scandal was the power of professional groups in UK society and how these powers can be misused and abused in the absence of accountability in law for professional practice. Social workers are not personably liable in law for their actions in child protection matters, as they can be in mental health work and it could be argued that this is a necessary development. There is a belief in some quarters that the events in Cleveland in 1987 led to the Children Act 1989, but this is incorrect. The need for child care reform legislation, both public and private law relating to children, had been identified several years earlier by the House of Commons Social Services Select Committee of 1984 (Children in Care), which described the then situation as complex, confusing, and unsatisfactory.

Character Analysis of the Grandmother in Flannery O'Connor's story A Essay

Character Analysis of the Grandmother in Flannery O'Connor's story A Good Man is Hard to Find and Mrs. May in the story Green - Essay Example Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† is a story about a family that is going to Florida on vacation. However, on the way, they have an accident, and end up meeting an escaped convict and his posse, who end up killing the whole family. â€Å"Greenleaf† by Flannery O’Connor is a story about a widow, Mrs. May, who has singlehandedly, and without the help of her two adult sons, run a farm for fifteen years. She does not like her employee Greenleaf, nor his family. The story conveys her contempt and enviousness at seeing her employee’s sons succeed when hers have not, at least according to her standards. It ends by Mrs. May dying by being gored by a bull. The stories, written by the same author, do have some similar themes, however, the object of this paper is to identify the similarities of the protagonists of the two stories – the grandmother in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† and Mrs. May in â€Å"Greenleaf.â⠂¬  There is a definite sense in both stories that the protagonists are very aware and conscious of their social standing. What is more, they seem to revel in it, to the point where they think that they are not â€Å"common† folk, so to speak. The grandmother in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† while going with her family to the vacation, appears to be very conscious of the sort of clothes she has worn. It is explained that the reason for her to have done so is that in case they are involved in an accident, she wants others to know that she was a lady (422), and not a common woman. In order to keep up that appearance, she does not even allow her grandchildren to throw an empty sandwich box and the paper napkins out of the car window after they had a snack during the car ride. Mrs. May, in â€Å"Greenleaf,† also seems to harbor such ideas about herself. She does not like the idea that her son has become an insurance-man to African-Americans, or a â€Å"nigger insur ance-man† as she calls it (451). One of her biggest fears is that her sons, who are unmarried, will marry â€Å"trash,† thereby ruining everything she had sought to achieve, which is of course her social standing, or what she deems it to be. Another similarity between the two protagonists is that both of them are quite controlling. The grandmother wants her son to change her plan of vacation because she wants to go somewhere else, and for that she uses the excuse of The Misfit, the renegade convict right when the story starts. What is more, during the trip when she wants to visit her old house, she makes up a story to entice her grandchildren who, as expected by her, make a clamor till the father agrees to take them there (425). Mrs. May, similarly, seems to have a very controlling attitude. Even though throughout she has a feeling that she is the victim as nobody would help her, however, it is clear that she is the controlling one in the family – she does not wa nt to let go of the control she has over her sons. This is apparent from the way she gets her will changed so that even after her death her sons would not opt to marry, what she deems to be, low born girls, by putting in a proviso that if they do so, their wives would not inherit any money from them (451). Lastly, both the protagonists had a complicated relationship with their children. Bailey seems to be quite reluctant to listen to his mother, the grandmother of â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find.† What is more, he does not really associate with her much. Throughout the story, he seems aloof from her. Mrs. May’s sons, also, do not really have a close relationship with their mother. They do not follow in her footsteps to take over the farm, instead both of them go out and seek other professions. What is more, they do not appear sympathetic to their mother’s pleas either. This is perhaps due to the fact that she is controlling and feigns her victimization too much for their taste. Either way, the sons are not at all close to their mother nor are they supportive of her in any

If You Want to View Paradise :: Personal Narrative Cane Fields Papers

If You Want to View Paradise When the sugar cane burned a thick pillar of black smoke twisted and grew up from the fields. The beanstalk of cloud was seen from anywhere on the island and for an afternoon everyone stopped their chores, their cars, their machines to exhale at the desecrating monster. The fire lifted soil, plant debris, worker's gloves and t-shirts forgotten in the fields, insects and rats, children forgotten in the fields, all charred to ash, into the air, stirred it up and threw it back to earth to be interpreted by a more creative voodoo. Cane ash cycloned up in the pillar and blew onto nearby communities with the tradewinds. Curled black ash rained down on my brother and me playing basketball in the driveway. The ash, light, tossed in the wind, collected curled in corners like loose pubic hair. The farmers burned the cane purposefully. They followed the flame, directing it to burn row after row. Late into the night they followed the fire in a semi-circle on the upwind side wearing Hula Bowl t-shirts around their faces like bandits to filter the smoke. Train robbers trying to control the steam locomotive with shovels. Trains have a tendency to run away. The fire husked the cane for them and though it burned a portion of the precious sugar it also burned the glass hairs along the stalk that itched skin and throats for days. The cane fields spread in rows like radio waves echoing out from the base of the Waianai mountain range. On these mountains, closer the peaks at the topmost corner, was a preserve, a deathbed for the last pristine area on the island. Here the rarities mingled in an elite cocktail party for the terminally ill. The Ohia Lehua rooted shallow on the cliffsides, its wood trunk dry like beach wood and its blossoms a blood red exploding out like firecrackers from light green dime shaped leaves. Ala ala wai nui crawled out of holes in boulders. It is called a succulent, its leaves absorb water and are thick and peach fuzzed for it. It is strong enough to break rocks but can not conquer a field of pili grass. The Manono's leaves come out two at a time, opposite each other on the same node. They look like cho cho lips, fat lips, puckering up. They are not plants that grow together supporting and encouraging one another to grow.

Alcohol in Colonial America

The first settlers arrived to the Americas and staked their claim on this new discovery. Something else was waiting for the settlers, a beverage of intoxication. Almost as quickly as they began to organize and sub-divide the land, the immigrants, and true natives to North America shared their beloved drink: alcohol. Cultures of varied races arrived and shared in this most cherished drink. There were uses for alcohol in the earliest colonial times that went beyond a beverage to drink in festive gatherings. There are varied beliefs surrounding the conception of alcohol consumption and its effects on British Colonies. Some are true, others are false. I will construct an investigation surrounding the history of alcohol in Colonial America with persuasive evidence to support my findings. Alcohol, also commonly referred to as spirits in Colonial America had many uses. Alcohol, of course, was used in festive times, but it was also used in religious ceremonies as well and providing medicinal properties to aid in curing ailments. The initial impact of alcohol on the settlers led them to accept it for its varied uses. Although moderate use of alcohol was accepted, society, from its inception into the Americas, frowned upon individuals becoming overly intoxicated. In other words, drunkenness was viewed negatively. Since alcohol was considered a â€Å"gift from the gods† to the natives, the settlers, too, accepted its mind-altering properties as something almost sacred. The growing communities treasured it, just as the natives did. Time and abuse were two components that led to problems for alcohol consumption. Due to its success in the minds of settlers, they partook in alcohol consumption for all three meals of the day: beer with breakfast, hard cider with lunch, beer with supper. In fact, beer and hard cider were the most popular drinks for colonists. As the drinking continued, they wanted to learn how to brew beer. One of the initial problems—aside from increasing abuse of alcoholic drunkenness—was the lack of sufficient ingredients. Barley, grains, hops, and yeast were the main ingredients in a brewing beer. The colonies did not have an ample selection of hops and grains. Harvesting of barley and hops was not a common crop among farmers of this era. Many colonists tried different ingredients, but nothing satisfied the perfect blend of hops, barley, yeast, and grain. By the late 1600’s, cider became a top choice among colonists, mainly due the apple crops that were prevalent in colonial times. Mass production through efficient farming and harvesting by colonists was seen. Thanks again to England for the apples. Farmers increased their work load mainly due to the reward of the final product: cider matured into hard cider (which included alcohol). With the increasing popularity of beer and cider, the settlers discovered a need to increase their selection. The settlers started to import inexpensive yields of sugar cane and molasses to brew another popular drink: rum. Rum quickly gained in popularity for the following reasons: it was cheap to produce and tasted good. By 1700, in Boston, the first commercial distillery was opened. The increase in rum consumption was the first challenge to the beer market. Religion and alcohol found a common link. In fact, many taverns were required to be built near churches or the local town meeting house. The religious zealots accepted alcohol consumption—strictly in moderation, though. Drunkenness, of course, was viewed as sinful. Alcohol soon became a problem in the eyes of the church and laws were established surrounding alcohol. In 1697, in New York, they enacted a law that required all taverns to be closed on Sunday. They required that the Sabbath be set aside as a day solely for reconciliation with the Lord and prayer. In conjunction with the closure of taverns on Sundays, the church required further regulations against alcohol consumption on Saturday nights as well. The main concern for the church was that taverns were gaining more popularity than the Sunday services. The Reverend Charles Woodmason went one step further and cautioned parishioners with the thought that there was a competition between the church and tavern for souls. Reverend Charles was quoted was saying the following, the taverns had â€Å"more company of a Saturday, than in the church on Sunday. † As colonists went into the early part of the 19th century, religion encouraged moderation in any and all alcoholic drinks. Alcohol, aside from the churches persistent concern over drunkenness and a loss of parishioner appeal, had other uses. Alcohol was also widely used in the field of medicine. Many doctors and medical practitioners believed that some of the stronger spirits could prevent disease, cure some common infections, and offer relief to minor aches and pains such as headaches, sore joints and muscles. In these instances, doctors would prescribe rum, hard cider, or whiskey. Doctors also encouraged patients to increase alcohol consumption to relieve emotional or stressful problems in their daily life. In fact, doctors went so far as to prescribe families to drink alcohol in lie of water. They thought that water brought from Europe was contaminated, and, thus, could lead to serious illness. Alcohol consumption was also prescribed to children suffering from viral infections as well as aiding in their development into a stronger, more physically fit individual. A little whiskey and honey went a long way for a sick child. The unusual, or even outlandish, practices went further still: doctors prescribed hard liquor to women who were in labor, a means of numbing some of the intense pain suffered during labor. Midwives would brew what was coined â€Å"groaning ale. This groaning ale contained extremely high contents of alcohol and special spices, all in hopes of easing the child bearing pains. A variation to groaning ale was used by some doctors. This was a little less toxin on the mother and baby. Doctors concocted spirits that were used as an anesthetic. This anesthetic was less expensive and more readily available from household to household than the hard spirits used i n the groaning ale. Alcohol, as with many new products brought to civilized society, began as an innocent and purely beneficial product. Beyond the stress-reducing capacity for hard cider or beer, the early nutritionists thought alcohol had great nutritional value and needed to be added to a person’s health-conscious daily diet regime. Due to this initial nutritious appeal, politicians did not, initially, write legislation limiting alcohol consumption. It was not until 1619, in the state of Virginia, that the first law was passed to control alcohol use. Policy maker main objective was to restrict â€Å"drunkenness,† not prohibit the use of alcohol. This first law enacted a penalty against drunkenness which stated that if you were arrested for being drunk and disorderly, then the fine would be up to 5 shillings or imprisonment. In time, however, politician modified the law to only include a monetary infraction. The reasoning behind this law was because the lower-classes tended to be the ones caught in public, and politicians felt a fine would be viewed as more distressing to the lower-class and curtail drunkenness. The next state to enact legislation surrounding alcohol consumption was Maryland. In Maryland, in 1639, they attempted to limit the amount a person drank. According to law, it was illegal to be drunk in public: â€Å"drunkenness† was defined as â€Å"drinking with excess to the notable perturbation of any organ or sense of motion. † The penalty was the same as in Virginia: 5 shillings. In 1645, Massachusetts jumped on the alcohol bandwagon, passing a law that restricted the amount an individual could consume at any period of time. The law stated the following, â€Å"The courts consider it illegal to drink more than a pint of wine at a time. † Anything over a pint constituted inebriation. On top of this, Massachusetts instituted another statute for ale houses and tavern owners. This statute made it illegal for owners to serve a customer beyond the legal limit, a difficult law to follow. With this statute, however, both the proprietor and customer could be fined for disobeying this law (Austin, Gregory p. 230). The Plymouth colonies chose a different slant in enacting their alcohol legislation. Unlike the Virginian definition for â€Å"drunkenness,† in the Plymouth colony the focus was on motor skills. Plymouth went so far as to define the term which constituted a universal view—throughout almost every colony—that alcohol is not healthy, nor should it be considered beneficial to a person’s health. The Plymouth definition was as follows: they viewed being drunk—not by loss of mobility or amount consumed—but instead by the person’s ability speak clearly: â€Å"A person that lisps or faulters in his speech by reason of drink, or that vomits, or cannot follow his calling. † (Austin, Gregory, p. 240) When we look at gender, women were not considered part of the drinking culture. Most often, women drank in private (Salinger, Sharon p 223). According to historical record, women rarely drank in public in colonial times. It was viewed as unacceptable for a woman. Policy makers enacted different conditions and consequences for each gender. Women were rarely seen in bars and taverns in this period. The brewing of beer, up until the late 1700’s, was an art left for the women to complete. Men would be off at work during the day and women kept the house in order, which included beer and liquor. Home-brewing was very common. In fact, most households that drank brewed their own ale. The Spaniards arrived in the 1700’s and brought wine to the colonies. At the time, vineyards were unheard of; thus, without grapes they could not cultivate, ferment, and produce wine in the colonies. It was brought over on ship. The French soon followed and were able to cultivate the grapes on colony soil. Wine consumption gained in popularity, yet the hard cider was still the preferred drink among the middle class. Germans, too, became part of the alcohol dynamic. The Germans brought better techniques to brewing fine ales and were the first to bring ‘lagers’ to the Americas. All of these countries brought new ideas and new brewing methods to the colonies. In conclusion, it is apparent that the initial discovery of alcohol for the colonies was viewed as a sacred drink. The colonists took the vision of the natives and brought it into their lives as a daily staple. The harms and potential for dangerous situations soon became rampant with all the drunken colonists. Laws were passed and changes were made in various colonies in hopes of curtailing the problems associated with drunken behavior. Even the churches got involved. As new cultures landed from various countries, they discovered new varieties on crafting a very popular beverage. Regardless of all the dangers associated with alcohol consumption, I believe it’s going to continue to be a drink enjoyed throughout the world.

The Lexical Approach in Language Teaching

In language teaching, a set of principles based on the observation that an understanding of words and word combinations (chunks) is the primary method of learning a language. The idea is that, rather than have students memorize lists of vocabulary, they would learn commonly used phrases.   The term lexical approach was introduced in 1993 by Michael Lewis, who observed that language consists of grammaticalized lexis, not lexicalised grammar (The Lexical Approach, 1993). The lexical approach is not a single, clearly defined method of language instruction. Its a commonly used term thats poorly understood by most. Studies of literature on the subject often show that its used in contradictory ways. It is largely based on the assumption that certain words will elicit a response with a specific set of words. Students would be able to learn which words are connected in this way. Students are expected to learn the grammar of languages based on recognizing patterns in words.  Ã‚   Examples and Observations The Lexical Approach implies a decreased role for sentence grammar, at least until post-intermediate levels. In contrast, it involves an increased role for word grammar (collocation and cognates) and text grammar (suprasentential features).(Michael Lewis, The Lexical Approach: The State of ELT and a Way Forward. Language Teaching Publications, 1993) Methodological Implications The methodological implications of [Michael Lewiss]  Lexical Approach (1993, pp. 194-195) are as follows: - Early emphasis on receptive skills, especially listening, is essential.- De-contextualized vocabulary learning is a fully legitimate strategy.- The role of grammar as a receptive skill must be recognized.- The importance of contrast in language awareness must be recognized.- Teachers should employ extensive, comprehensible language for receptive purposes.- Extensive writing should be delayed as long as possible.- Nonlinear recording formats (e.g., mind maps, word trees) are intrinsic to the Lexical Approach.- Reformulation should be the natural response to student error.- Teachers should always react primarily to the content of student language.- Pedagogical chunking should be a frequent classroom activity. (James Coady, L2 Vocabulary Acquisition: A Synthesis of the Research. Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition: A Rationale for Pedagogy, ed. by James Coady and Thomas Huckin. Cambridge University Press, 1997) Limitations While the lexical approach can be a quick way for students to pick up phrases, it doesnt foster much creativity. It can have the negative side effect of limiting peoples responses to safe fixed phrases. Because they dont have to build responses, they dont need to learn the intricacies of language.   Adult language knowledge consists of a continuum of linguistic constructions of different levels of complexity and abstraction. Constructions can comprise concrete and particular items (as in words and idioms), more abstract classes of items (as in word classes and abstract constructions), or complex combinations of concrete and abstract pieces of language (as mixed constructions). Consequently, no rigid separation is postulated to exist between lexis and grammar.(Nick C. Ellis, The Emergence of Language As a Complex Adaptive System. The Routledge Handbook of Applied Linguistics, ed. by James Simpson. Routledge, 2011)