Sunday, August 23, 2020

How does Golding introduce Piggy, Jack and Ralph free essay sample

How does Golding present Piggy, Jack and Ralph? Golding presents Piggy as a keen and increasingly developed kid: Nobody dont know were here We may remain here till we bite the dust Piggy, not at all like Ralph, is progressively mindful of the circumstance and is concentrating on the significance of no grown-ups on the island. We will compose a custom article test on How does Golding present Piggy, Jack and Ralph? or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Piggy is demonstrated looking on the intelligent, develop side of the circumstance though Ralph, much like the vast majority of different young men they meet later, are amped up for living without any guidelines and no grown-ups. As Piggy hence appears to be more full grown than Ralph, who winds up being the pioneer, he would be the best decision for a gathering head. Piggy is likewise presented as keen by his glasses: turned upward through his thick scenes Piggys glasses are utilized to represent his astuteness and having the option to see clearness, introducing him as a shrewd kid. Piggys glasses are significant as without them the young men couldn't have made a fire, in this manner inferring Piggy is a significant character on the island. The glasses additionally used to represent civilisation inside the gathering, anticipating the lamentable closure after Jack breaks the glasses, speaking to the break in civilisation. Piggys glasses likewise connection to what class hes gave. Golding presents Piggy as a common laborers character: The edge had made a profound, pink V on the scaffold Piggys glasses are obviously appeared as being too enormous for him, proposing that he has not purchased glass outlines that fit his face accurately, while it would be likely Ralph would have. This might be on the grounds that the main significance for Piggys glasses was that they would assist him with seeing as opposed to likewise gracefully comfort. This proposes Piggy is common laborers and a perceptibly lower class character than Ralph. Golding presents Jack as a predominant pioneer : Choir! Stop! The utilization of two basic action words right away shows Jacks as a solid chief, passing on his capacity and authority over his ensemble, likewise referencing his situation as head kid. As Jack is now introduced as a pioneer figure to his ensemble, he is as of now viewed as a pioneer to the remainder of the gathering because of his more seasoned status and bossy, threatening nature. Golding presents Jack as haughty and forceful : I should be boss The utilization of a definitive proposes Jacks egotistical nature as he has concluded he ought to be the head of the gathering and is recommending he thinks he is the best and most remarkable pioneer on the island. He is later demonstrated as forceful to different characters who appear to be of no significance: We dont need you said Jack, straight The utilization of the word straight proposes Jacks absence of compassion towards Piggy in this way indicating hostility as he is tormenting others to show his position and force. This is on the grounds that Jack needs to show he is a pioneer. Golding presents Ralph as a sort, reasonable pioneer to the gathering: All right. Who needs Jack as boss? Ralph is demonstrated following the deciding in favor of pioneer as he needs to be reasonable and equivalent to Jack, indicating his common, kind nature. He is additionally depicted a while later as being anxious to offer Jack something, to give him that Ralph wouldn't like to battle against Jack yet work with him just as chosing him to go investigating with him and Simon. He is likewise introduced as a reasonable character as he is indicated assembling cottages and discovering approaches to amplify their opportunity of salvage. Golding presents Ralph as an honest, white collar class character: The kid with reasonable hair. As Ralph is portrayed with reasonable hair it infers his hair is blonde which can be related as guiltless, which anticipates Ralphs inclusion with the catastrophes during the novel. Ralph is introduced as a white collar class character appeared through his mentality to his garments: to get into a dim shirt again was abnormally satisfying Ralph is demonstrating his pride in wearing his garments, which happen to be his school uniform. This shows how Ralph must originate from a white collar class foundation as he makes the most of his school life and instruction is glad to flaunt his uniform

Friday, August 21, 2020

What Effects Does Reading Recovery Have on Student Learning Research Paper

What Effects Does Reading Recovery Have on Student Learning - Research Paper Example This paper looks to investigate what impacts Reading Recovery has on understudy learning with uncommon reference to the centrality of perusing recuperation intercession and the different methodologies utilized by master teachers. Meaning of Reading Recovery: Reading Recovery is comprehended as beneficial training program for the most minimal accomplishing first-grade kids. For Dr. Marie Clay, perusing is â€Å"a message-getting, critical thinking action which increments in force and adaptability the more it is practiced† and â€Å"that inside the directional imperatives of the printer’s prompt, language and visual recognition reactions are deliberately coordinated by the peruser in some incorporated manner to the issue of removing importance from signs in a book, in arrangement, so the peruser carries a limit of comprehension to the author’s message† (Clay, 1991, p. 6). As the citation makes it understood, the main evaluation student ought to be prepared to procure the message behind the understanding procedure and it is the obligation of the teacher to distinguish the hindrances before the student and to help him for issue arrangement. Objective and points of interest of Reading Recovery: According to Wilson and Daviss, â€Å"the objective of Reading Recovery is to significantly decrease the quantity of first-grade understudies who have outrageous trouble figuring out how to peruse and compose and to lessen the expense of these students to instructive systems† (Reading Recovery: Basic Facts 2010). For this, it is basic that the educators distinguish the privilege most reduced accomplishing first graders and depend them to an extraordinarily prepared Reading Recovery instructor who can assemble their certainty level and empower them to work freely in the ordinary study hall. The chose understudies are offered a half-hour exercise each school day for 12 to 20 weeks with an extraordinarily prepared Reading Recovery educator and their exercises are ceased when the instructor feels

Friday, July 10, 2020

Concept Definition Essay Topics - Generating Concepts

Concept Definition Essay Topics - Generating ConceptsConcept Definition Essay Topics provides an insight into the student's creative thought process. The topic allows the student to describe in detail his or her contribution to a popular concept, by combining science and art. The topic is one of the toughest types of essay in which the creative and analytical skills need to be combined. When writing a concept definition essay, there are several key concepts that you need to consider.When writing a definition essay you must establish the relationship between the two major components of science, as well as the realm of art. The first step is to define the intellectual side of science. There are three different types of sciences, which include biology, chemistry, and physics.The second step is to define the area of creativity when it comes to a definition essay. The creative side of the student is also considered to be one of the most important areas when it comes to preparing for the c ollege level course. Here are some tips to help you master this area when it comes to writing your definitions.When you write a definition, it is best to go for the complex side of creativity. The creativity aspect of science allows the student to understand how the world functions in a scientific way. The student has to understand the difference between thinking like a scientist and just thinking, and that these are actually two different types of humans.When writing a definition of creativity, it is important to consider the differences between the creative side of thinking and just thinking. A definition essay is often the key to getting a higher grade in a specific course of study.When discussing the side of the creative side, students have to explain the processes involved. While the student's intellectual side is important in explaining the scientific basis, he or she has to give examples in explaining the art side. A definition is one of the most difficult parts of a college course, especially when dealing with the high school level. The concept definition essay topics are the most unique of all college courses.Concept Definition Essay Topics can really help you prepare for the college course if you put a lot of effort in it. As long as you can prepare enough for the essay, it can be considered successful.

Wednesday, May 20, 2020

Changing Policy on Medieval Heresy Essay - 1255 Words

Heresy, as defined by the medieval church, is an opinion chosen by human perception, found on the scriptures, contrary to the teachings of the church, publicly avowed and obstinately defended (Moore ix). The word Heresy originates from the Greek word, Hairesis, meaning choice (George xi). During the Medieval time period, which stretched from the 700s to the 1400s, heresies became sought out as religious alternatives to the constraining Catholic Church (George 342, Roach 11). The common people began to become increasingly more educated (Roach 52). With this came the ability, the need, to question authority (Moore 3, Roach 59). Because of the Churchs religious monopoly and the laitys demand for knowledge, heresy became a†¦show more content†¦As the Church forced more and more pressures on the populace, heresies began to emerge to bring answers to the laypeople?s religious questions (Lambert 39-40). At the beginning of the 1100?s, there were the first instances of the laity beg inning to become more outspoken in their religious choices (Roach 26). In 1076, Remihrdus of Douai started preaching against simony, which was the selling of church pardons so that the laity was no longer accountable for their personal sins (Roach 14, 27). The Church decided that his ideas were too heretical so the bishop of Cambrai had him burned at the stake. Even after Remihrdus was killed, sermons against the practice of simony continued, though many searched for pastoral approval before continuing with their teachings (Roach 27-28). In France in 1116, Henry of Le Mans, also known as Henry of Lausanne, spoke out against people marrying because of their dictated caste system and the corruption of the clergy (Roach 30). While the bishop of Le Mans, Hildebert, was visiting Rome, Henry persuaded the entire town to forsake the clergy (Roach 30, Lambert 49). His followers were convinced to come forth and marry prostitutes so that the women would have a proper home and clothing (Roach 31). When Hildebert returned, he found that the townspeople had been turned against him. In response to his blessing they shouted, ?It is of no value to us to accept your blessings?goShow MoreRelatedEssay The English Reformation3494 Words   |  14 PagesThe English Reformation During the reign of King Richard II England was experiencing her first serious outbreak of heresy for nearly a millennium. This widespread heresy, known as Lollardy, held the reformation of the Catholic Church as its main motivation, and was based upon the ideas of John Wyclif, an Oxford scholar. All kinds of men, not only in London but in widely-separated regions of the country, seized the opportunity to voice criticisms both constructive and destructive of the presentRead More Henry VIII and his Reformation of the Church in England Essay2434 Words   |  10 PagesLollards, who aimed much criticism at the Church, and Evangelicals, who actually had very little support in England, were fundamentally opposed to the Church because they were ideologically different, which is why they criticised it. Heresy was not commonà ¢? ¦it would seem that Englishmen were well enough satisfied with the traditional faith as far as its teachings were concerned. (Henry S. Lucas). The Hunne case, which caused much criticism to be levelled at the ChurchRead MoreAnti-Semitism in the West from Constantine to the Expulsion of Jews from Spain6419 Words   |  26 Pagesa distinguishing mark. The form of the mark varied in different countries, but usually took the form of a badge, or a three-cornered or pointed hat. In this way, you could be sure not to inadvertently come into contact with Jewish people. Even in Medieval art Jews were depicted with a circle on their clothing or pointed hats. The charges of host desecration, blood libel and segregation provoked a series of pogroms. Boppard in 1179, Vienna in 1181, Speier in 1185, Halle in 1205, Erfurt in 1221, MecklenburgRead MoreCleanth Brookss Essay Irony as a Principle of Structure9125 Words   |  37 Pagessystematic attempt has been made. to remove the traces of the particular circumstances in which they were written. In some cases a radical recasting of an essay would have meant destroying what I regard as its inner core of truth. Thus in the essay on The Changing Function of Historical Materialism we can still hear the echoes of those exaggeratedly sanguine hopes that many of us cherished concerning the duration and tempo of the revolution. The reader should not, therefore, look to these essays for a completeRead MoreFreedom of Speech, Comparing Freedom of Expression in the Statutory Law and the Sharia Law19992 Words   |  80 Pagesprovisions of the Sharia Law and they also praised the prosperity which was an ou tcome of implementing it. The Western writer Patricia Crone (2005: p. 218-219) said referring to how those old provisions of law were true bases of a moral society: â€Å"Medieval Muslims did not write utopias in the sense of imaginary travel accounts or other descriptions of ideal societies which do not exist, †¦ they were not given to seeking ideals outside their own civilisation at all. But they did place a golden age rightRead More Jihad - A Holy War Essay6110 Words   |  25 Pageseast as Christians struggled at first to check the Muslim advance and later to reclaim their homelands. The fight was not easy for Europe and, for a long time, it did not go well. Lewis notes of medieval Christendom: quot;Split into squabbling, petty kingdoms, its churches divided by schism and heresy, with constant quarrels between the churches of Rome and the East, it was disputed between two emperors and for a while even two popes. After the loss of the Christian shores of the eastern and southernRead MoreManagement Challenges for the 21st Century.Pdf60639 Words   |  243 Pagesinherent in the DISAPPEARING BIRTHRATE in the developed countries, or in the challenges to the individual, and to the employing organization, discussed in the final chapter on MANAGING ONESELF—the new realities and their demands require a REVERSAL of policies that have worked well for the last century and, even more, a change in the MINDSET of organizations as well as of individuals. This is a MANAGEMENT BOOK. It intentionally leaves out BUSINESS CHALLENGES—even very important ones such as the questionRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagescolonies after 1870 as a predictable culmination of the long nineteenth century, which was ushered in by the industrial and political revolutions of the late 1700s. But at the same time, without serious attention to the processes and misguided policies that led to decades of agrarian and industrial depression from the late 1860s to the 1890s, as well as the social tensions and political rivalries that generated and were in turn fed by imperialist expansionism, one cannot begin to comprehend theRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesdecision making and the dynamic environment facing organizations. Mistakes can be categorized as errors of omission and of commission. Mistakes of omission are those in which no action was taken and the status quo was contentedly embraced amid a changing environment. Such errors, often characteristic of conservative or stodgy management, are not as obvious as the other category of mistakes. They seldom involve tumultuous upheaval; rather, the company’s competitive position slowly erodes, until

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Movie Rain Maker Rudy Explaining Why He Became A Lawyer

The movie Rain Maker begins with Rudy explaining why he became a lawyer. The movie portrays Rudy Baylor, a young prospective lawyer, trying to make it in the legal world. In the movie Rainmaker, director Francis Ford Coppola has managed to create a back-room atmosphere populated by convincing characters bent on corrupting the professions of law and insurance. The Beginning of the movie focuses on Rudy Baylor who just graduated from Law School at Memphis state. Upon graduation, Prince Thomas introduced Rudy to a very fraudulent and unethical lawyer by the name of Bruiser Stone. Para lawyer named Deck Shifflet who works at Bruisers firm assists Rudy. Deck admits to have practiced law without having his license or passing the bar exam. After†¦show more content†¦He was handled an open and shut case against Great Benefit, a large insurance company by the Blacks. The Black s son, Donny Ray, had leukemia but could have been saved had he gotten a bone marrow transplant in time. The only obstacle to Donny Ray’s survival is the insurance company, Great Benefit, which refused to pay for the costly transplant procedure. Great Benefit denies the claim several times, and each denial is grounded on a variety of blatantly bad-faith reasons. Great Benefit claims that the leukemia was a pre-existing condition, that Donny Ray is an adult emancipated from his parents that the policy covered only household members, and alternatively, that bone marrow transplants are experimental. It even sent a letter to the Blacks saying, You must be stupid, stupid, stupid for requesting coverage. Donny Ray ultimately succumbs to the leukemia and dies. The company denies every initial claim that crosses their desks and also fired people involved in the case. By deciding it was going to initially deny all claims, its managers had a present intention not to pay out under the insurance contract. I think that any corporate executive who instructed the corporation’s employees to deny all claims, regardless of the fact that some of the claims were legitimately covered under the policy, would be guilty of the criminal act of fraud, and could be jailed and/or fined. Drummond and his associates defend the insurance company, and alsoShow MoreRelatedLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages........................... 553 Exercises .......................................................................................................................................... 555 1 C H A P T E R 1 How to Reason Logically T he goal of this book is to improve your logical-reasoning skills. Your logical-reasoning skills are a complex weave of abilities that help you get someones point, generate reasons for your own point, evaluate the reasons given by others, decide what

Business Ethics Managing Corporate and Sustainability

Question: Discuss about the Business Ethics for Managing Corporate and Sustainability. Answer: Introductions This report is framed with an aim to develop the understanding of whether ethical behavior exist in the business or not. It is also helpful to understand the ethical value communicated by the organization. This report also analyzes the ethical standards in the organization. At the same time, this report focuses on the buyers and sellers interest. It is also helpful to understand the various attributes of business ethics. Finally, this report analyzes the different economic benefits through the ethical standards in the business. Ethical behavior Ethical behavior demonstrates how a person usually thinks about good values. Whereas, it is effective for the organization, because organization complies with the moral principles such as honesty, fairness, diversity in order to take an effective business decision (Delistavrou and Tilikidou, 2012). Along with this, above principles support the organization culture and values and help the company to be sustainable in the long run. Simultaneously, ethical behavior lead to the better relations with shareholders, suppliers, partners, and local community. Strength and Weakness of the Ethical Behavior Strength In the current environment, ethical behavior exists in the business, because it can be helpful in profit making mechanism in business. It increases the value of the firm and it creates the positive relationship among the team working, public, and empowerment. Similarly, it also raises the corporate social responsibility of the firm towards the social welfare of the people. Concurrently, ethical behavior helps to gain the competitive advantage in the market. Moreover, it also creates the workplace culture that enables to build the strong relationship between employees and management (Axelrod, 2013). Weakness There are many weaknesses in an organization due to lack of ethical consideration such as organizations faces the moral and social issues. Meanwhile, it decreases the worth of the firm due to lack of ethics in the business. As a consequence, profit would be decreased. Lack of management support in ethical activity is a weakness of a firm. Similarly, it reduces the market share of the firm. Therefore, developing and maintenance of ethics compliance is very expensive and time-consuming for the organization (Weiss, 2014). Ethical behavior also creates the problem of communication. Findings Ethical behavior is the internal part of the organization and it is necessary for all the firms, because it is helpful to raise the value of the firm. Whereas, some companies do not address the ethical behavior due to time consuming. At the same time, organization complies the business ethical code of conduct for the profit maximization (Chell, et al., 2016). In the UK; there are 300 companies in the British in the Community (BITC) who contributes 0.5% pretax profit for the charitable projects. BITC purpose is to get companies engage in community social and economic problems. Simultaneously, UK companies spread the information related to ethical issues between the managers and staff to change the business circumstances. According to the international survey, there are 40% of Europe firms are conducting the ethical program for the employee social welfare. Whereas, employees think that the companies are more ethical due to profit only. Ethical Value Communicated by the Organization Meanwhile, companies are following the business ethics principle but at times they failed to reinforce to the message. The ethical code of conduct affects the mindset of workers and managers. Consequently, companies make the efforts to enhance the profitability and reduce the cost with the help of business ethics principles, which is quite helpful for the company to gain a competitive advantage (DesJardins and McCall, 2014). Some companies follow the hypocritical window dressing way to enhance their corporate social responsibility towards the people in the market. Furthermore, most of the companies create the environment that there is no importance of the ethical consideration.However, companies raise the profitability of their employees through the advanced ethical consideration in order to spread the ethical awareness. According to protestant ethic, a person achieves their objectives in an organization through his hard work, not the ethical consideration. Ethical standard in the organization Ethical standard is applicable for every individual in a different way. In other words, ethical standard is the basic value and fairness of the people in a firm. Organization encourages the people to think different towards the business goal, which is helpful for the organization to enhance their profits. Meanwhile, an organization needs to follow the ethical theories in business in order to better understand the employee behavior. Along with this, theories are also helpful to control on internal affairs of the organization. Pluralistic ignorance is a situation where all the members are denied the ethical norms and standards (Peterson and Ferrell, 2016). Work, Bureaucracy, and the Market Most of the companies think that there is requirement of some laws and regulation to protect the buyers and sellers from the dishonest trading partner in the market, because companies have fear of losing the market. There are some regulations that exist in the market that protects the interest of the workers, local community, and nations (Arnold, et al., 2015). In the current environment, due to arbitrary actions, there is no reward system for the hard working people. Unfortunately, success is a capricious and disaster looms. According to the bureaucracy system, organization disposes of the human resources. Danger of Skepticism In the unregulated market, organizations differentiate their value through more vulnerable to ethical. There are some ethical attributes that tend to long-term stability in the market such as trustworthiness, cooperation that do not represent the company profitability as the primary factor. A firm needs to focus on everal factors for success and one of those is ehical values are more successful in the market rather than the unethical organization Economic Benefits of the Business Ethics Good ethics is effective for the organization in the long run, because it raises the brand image and productivity of the firm in the market. Therefore, in a survey 65% respondents think that ethical standard is helpful for the firm to take competitive advantage. Similarly, 94% of business community faces the problem related to ethical issues. At the same time, 67% companies follow the ethical consideration consequently; it provides the donation to the charitable trust as his social responsibility (Finch, et al., 2015). Thus, ethical consideration can be helpful to take an effective decision and raise the sales. Self-interested behavior can be helpful to provide the positive outcomes for the organizations. It can be said that success depends on the ethical consideration in the business. However, business ethic develops the trust, cooperation and value between the customers and suppliers. Instead of this, a smaller company denies obeying the business ethics due to the temptation of sho rt term profit. Unraveling the Contradictions Some Companies have invited the people to invest their money in short-term goals rather than the long term for the fund's stability. However, a firm expects to a manager and their employees to follow the ethical standard to accomplish the goals. Recommendations In business ethics, the organization should avoid the bureaucracy control on employees while managing the ethics in business consequently, it needs to manage and communicate with the help of social system and provide an equal chance to every employee to think differently related to business ethics. Similarly, the organization should appoint the experts to determine the organization ethical behavior activity as to promote more ethical. The company should overcome the inducements in unethical behavior such as punishment for nonperformer. Additionally, it can be recommended that organization should conduct the education programs and training to reinforce the ethical code, which is quite helpful to take effective decision making in the context of ethical consideration. Meanwhile, it should also prepare the top level hierarchy to use their power to create an ethical environment. Simultaneously, the company should provide the reward to their best - performing employees. Conclusion On the basis of above analysis, it can be concluded that ethical behavior is significant for the business, because it raises the feasibility of the firm in the market. Ethical behavior develops the positive relation between management and employees vice versa developing and maintenance the ethical consideration in the business is very expensive. The ethical consideration can be helpful to raise the profitability of the firm. Simultaneously, most of the companies fail to reinforce the ethical consideration, consequently, it negative impacts upon their long-term sustainability and profitability (Matten, 2015). Some firms used the hypocritical window dressing way to enhance their value, sales, corporate social responsibility, and profits. References Delistavrou, A. and Tilikidou, I. (2012). Exploring the Ethical Behaviour Adopted by Greek Consumers.Journal of Marketing Vistas,1(2), 22-35. Axelrod, S. (Ed.). (2013).Effects of punishment on human behavior. USA: Academic Press. Weiss, J. W. (2014).Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. USA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Chell, E., Spence, L. J., Perrini, F. and Harris, J. D. (2016). Social entrepreneurship and business ethics: does social equal ethical?.Journal of Business Ethics,133(4), 619-625. DesJardins, J. R. and McCall, J. J. (2014).Contemporary issues in business ethics. USA: Cengage Learning. Peterson, P. E. and Ferrell, O. C. (2016).Business Ethics: New Challenges for Business Schools and Corporate Leaders: New Challenges for Business Schools and Corporate Leaders. UK: Routledge. Arnold, D. G., Goodpaster, K. E. and Weaver, G. R. (2015). Past Trends and Future Directions in Business Ethics and Corporate Responsibility Scholarship.Business Ethics Quarterly,25(04), 121-141. Finch, D., Deephouse, D. and Varella, P. (2015). Examining an Individuals Legitimacy Judgment Using the ValueAttitude System: The Role of Environmental and Economic Values and Source Credibility.Journal of Business Ethics,127(2), 265-281. Matten, D. (2015).Business Ethics: Managing Corporate Citizenship and Sustainability in the Age of Globalization. USA: Oxford University Press.

Thursday, April 23, 2020

Lord Of The Flies Jack And Roger free essay sample

Lord Of The Fliess: Jack And Roger Essay, Research Paper Lord of The Fliess: Jack and Roger Jack and Roger are two allegorical characters in the narrative: # 8220 ; Lord of the Flies # 8221 ; by William Golding. They are both characterized as slayers but they are really different from one another. The two immature male childs start off with the same purposes but as the narrative progresses we begin to see the differences in their personalities. While Jack # 8217 ; s power hungriness grows, Roger # 8217 ; s sadistic nature besides grows every bit good. The character of Jack is an obvious Idaho, he is a power hungry ruthless slayer that would make anything for power. Jack is non ever a slayer, the events on the island lead up to his behaviour. For illustration, when Ralph, Simon and Jack are in the wood and they see the hog for the first clip Jack does non kill it no uncertainty from the tabu of killing. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord Of The Flies Jack And Roger or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The 2nd clip he meets the hog he putting to deaths it with his knife and this is merely the beginning of the alteration in his behaviour. Jack # 8217 ; s wanting of meat bends into obvious bloodlust subsequently on in the novel, for illustration he kills the female parent hog without even believing if it was incorrect: # 8220 ; Kill the hog, cut her pharynx, bash her caput in! # 8221 ; . Jack # 8217 ; s beheading of the dead female parent hog proves that he is no longer the Jack that could non kill the hog but a much more blood-thirsty 1 that merely wants to kill and non be rescued. Although Jack is non demonic like Roger, he loses all sense of ground, he is however a slayer. Jack tries his best to make what is best for the male childs but his power hungriness really makes the state of affairs much worse: # 8220 ; The head snatched one of the few staying lances and poked Sam in the ribs # 8221 ; ( P.182 ) Jack # 8217 ; s ain name has even become a tabu, he has almos t god-like power and utilizations it for # 8216 ; evil # 8217 ; . If it were non for the deliverance of the male childs, Jack # 8217 ; s power-hunger and bloodlust would hold finally gotten them all killed. The character of Roger is besides an Idaho but he is a demonic slayer. Unlike Jack Roger # 8217 ; s bloodlust can neer be satisfied. He is a barbarous slayer and a perfect illustration of this is when he kills Piggy with the elephantine stone. Roger besides has a head of his ain, he is a free spirit that does non follow orders. For illustration, Jack neer ordered him to drop the stone on Piggy, it was strictly Roger that did it on his ain free will. He is a ill and distorted person, another illustration of this is the manner he viciously kills the female parent hog. He would besides demo no vacillation to take a human life, non merely does he kill Piggy but he besides sharpens a stick at both terminals for Ralph so he was evidently traveling to make to him what he did to the female parent hog. Roger is merely a worse version of Jack and like Jack excessively control of Ralph # 8217 ; s power he would hold taken control of Jack # 8217 ; s power with an even more sadistic civilization so the 1 that Jack has created. Jack and Roger are both slayers, one more ruthless and power-hungry so the other. Ralph lost his power to a individual more sadistic, what is to state that Jack will non lose his power to Roger? and who would hold been following after Roger? finally the civilization would go so sadistic and ruthless that decease would be a regular event. Jack and Roger are both sadistic slayers and one might reason that it does non count if you are a slayer or a pitiless slayer because either manner you are still a slayer but one can besides reason: # 8220 ; Do you candidly think that the male childs would be the same is it were Roger and non Jack that became head?

Tuesday, March 17, 2020

Impulse - Force Over Time

Impulse - Force Over Time Force applied over time creates an impulse, a change in momentum. Impulse is defined in classical mechanics as a force multiplied by the amount of time it acts over. In calculus terms, the impulse can be calculated as the integral of force with respect to time.  The symbol for impulse is J or Imp.   Force is a vector quantity (the direction matters) and impulse is also a vector in the same direction. When an impulse is applied to an object, it has a vector change in its linear momentum. Impulse is the product of the average net force acting on an object and its duration.  J  Ã‚  F̅Δt Alternately, impulse can be calculated as the difference in momentum between two given instances.  Impulse change in momentum force x time. Units of Impulse The SI unit of impulse is the same as for momentum, the Newton second N*s or kg*m/s. The two terms are equal. English engineering units for impulse are pound-second (lbf*s) and slug-foot per second (slug*ft/s). The Impulse-Momentum Theorem This theorem is logically equivalent to Newtons second law of motion: force equals mass times acceleration, also known as the force law. The change in momentum of an object equals the impulse applied to it.  J  Ã‚  ÃŽâ€ p. This theorem can be applied to a constant mass or to a changing mass. It is relevant especially to rockets, where the mass of the rocket changes as fuel is expended to produce the thrust. Impulse of Force The product of average force and the time in which it is exerted is the impulse of force. It is equal to the change of momentum of an object that isnt changing mass. This is a useful concept when you are studying impact forces. If you increase the time over which the change of force happens, the impact force also decreases. This is used in mechanical design for safety, and it is useful in sports applications as well. You want to reduce the impact force for a car hitting guardrail, for example, by designing the guardrail to collapse as well as designing parts of the car to crumple on impact. This lengthens the time of the impact and therefore the force. If you want a ball to be propelled further, you want to shorten the time of impact with a racket or bat, raising the impact force. Meanwhile, a boxer knows to lean away from a punch so it takes longer in landing, reducing the impact. Specific Impulse Specific impulse is a measure of the efficiency of rockets and jet engines. It is the total impulse that is produced by a unit of propellant as it is consumed. If a rocket has a higher specific impulse, it needs less propellant to gain altitude, distance, and speed. It is the equivalent of the thrust divided by the propellant flow rate. If the propellant weight is used (in Newton or pound), specific impulse is measured in seconds. This is often how rocket engine performance is reported by manufacturers.

Saturday, February 29, 2020

Benefits Provided By Digital Marketing For Entrepreneurs

Benefits Provided By Digital Marketing For Entrepreneurs There are way many conspicuous benefits being provided by digital marketing for both entrepreneurs and barons from any type of company all over Australia. According to statistics, almost 30% of the marketing budget is channeled to digital marketing and 50% of the data we receive as targeted audiences are from the internet. This leads to a profit of about 35% from digital marketing. These statistics show that digital marketing is so much cost effective and budget friendly in return. Away from these, there are the key contributing aspects that have aided the rise of digital marketing in Australia. Redesigning and refurbishment of the Mobile advertising This sounds odd at first since many people dislike mobile advertising from the first mention. This is because it is disruptive when browsing on the internet and something irrelevant for your preferences pops up on the screen. Marketers have found a new way of approaching this. They do this by embedding adds in a more reasonable, tidy, enticing but friendly way. This has geared the rise of digital marketing in Australia by a tonne. The Content Marketing Idea This is based on the long-term relationship with the customers who at first are randomly selected regardless of whether they are targeted or not. After some time, the unwanted customers will be sieved off due to their lack of interest. Since it is done online, the marketers will follow up their clients closely with more adds. The output for this kind of marketing has really proved to be immense. The Gigantic Facebook Platform Of all the social media platforms, Facebook has really taken a wave. The incorporation of video clips on this site has given a boost to the rise of digital marketing in Australia. Marketers have really given this opportunity to mega investments. It is through this that many Facebook users are able to access marketed products by only logging into their accounts. This is attributed to the fact that the human mind is easily swayed away by videos rather than static pictures. Online Shopping We all live in an era where we opt not to spend the time to go out shopping. Instead, we do this online. Many trading companies have collaborated mutually with online shopping sites to serve their customers with products and advertisements. The rise of digital marketing in Australia has not yet been experienced since every day, we wait for yet another revolution that will drive it further ahead.

Thursday, February 13, 2020

Child Sexual Abuse Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Child Sexual Abuse - Case Study Example based, before hey can be used in clinical practice. This was acknowledged by John Forfar, the then president of the British Pediatric Association, who wrote on e of the Pediatricians involved, Dr.Mariett Higgs, in July 1987 and gave an admonishment in regards to use of the anal dilation test. He stated;"The regulation of medical practice is achievedbest when it is accomplishedwithinthe medical profession. New stances based on a new awareness of clinical signs, ornew significances being attached to them, require first to be established within theprofession. This takes some time and requires persuasion and scientific evidence ofvalidity, based on the accepted method or communication to professional journals orscientific meetings"(Forfar) In the early months of the crisis, the allegations involved work class families, who were confused bewildered, and angry of being accusedof sexually abusing their children, but they were powerless againstmiddle class professionals with the authority, power, and legal sanctions to support their actions. Charles Prugnell in his piece "An abuse and misuseof professional power describes the pressure placed on the working class by the middle class thusly:"From a sociological perspective, therefore, the events in Cleveland could be seen as apunitive form of middle class oppressionof working class families by middle classprofessionalsand an imposition of middle class values on the workingclass' (Prugnell) One of the key issues in the Cleveland sex abuse scandal was the power of...In the early months of the crisis, the allegations involved work class families, who were confused bewildered, and angry of being accused of sexually abusing their children, but they were powerless against middle class professionals with the authority, power, and legal sanctions to support their actions. Charles Prugnell in his piece â€Å"An abuse and misuse of professional power describes the pressure placed on the working class by the middle class thusly: â€Å"From a sociological perspective, therefore, the events in Cleveland could be seen as a punitive form of middle class oppression of working class families by middle class professionals and an imposition of middle class values on the working class’ (Prugnell) One of the key issues in the Cleveland sex abuse scandal was the power of professional groups in UK society and how these powers can be misused and abused in the absence of accountability in law for professional practice. Social workers are not personably liable in law for their actions in child protection matters, as they can be in mental health work and it could be argued that this is a necessary development. There is a belief in some quarters that the events in Cleveland in 1987 led to the Children Act 1989, but this is incorrect. The need for child care reform legislation, both public and private law relating to children, had been identified several years earlier by the House of Commons Social Services Select Committee of 1984 (Children in Care), which described the then situation as complex, confusing, and unsatisfactory.

Saturday, February 1, 2020

Character Analysis of the Grandmother in Flannery O'Connor's story A Essay

Character Analysis of the Grandmother in Flannery O'Connor's story A Good Man is Hard to Find and Mrs. May in the story Green - Essay Example Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† is a story about a family that is going to Florida on vacation. However, on the way, they have an accident, and end up meeting an escaped convict and his posse, who end up killing the whole family. â€Å"Greenleaf† by Flannery O’Connor is a story about a widow, Mrs. May, who has singlehandedly, and without the help of her two adult sons, run a farm for fifteen years. She does not like her employee Greenleaf, nor his family. The story conveys her contempt and enviousness at seeing her employee’s sons succeed when hers have not, at least according to her standards. It ends by Mrs. May dying by being gored by a bull. The stories, written by the same author, do have some similar themes, however, the object of this paper is to identify the similarities of the protagonists of the two stories – the grandmother in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† and Mrs. May in â€Å"Greenleaf.â⠂¬  There is a definite sense in both stories that the protagonists are very aware and conscious of their social standing. What is more, they seem to revel in it, to the point where they think that they are not â€Å"common† folk, so to speak. The grandmother in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† while going with her family to the vacation, appears to be very conscious of the sort of clothes she has worn. It is explained that the reason for her to have done so is that in case they are involved in an accident, she wants others to know that she was a lady (422), and not a common woman. In order to keep up that appearance, she does not even allow her grandchildren to throw an empty sandwich box and the paper napkins out of the car window after they had a snack during the car ride. Mrs. May, in â€Å"Greenleaf,† also seems to harbor such ideas about herself. She does not like the idea that her son has become an insurance-man to African-Americans, or a â€Å"nigger insur ance-man† as she calls it (451). One of her biggest fears is that her sons, who are unmarried, will marry â€Å"trash,† thereby ruining everything she had sought to achieve, which is of course her social standing, or what she deems it to be. Another similarity between the two protagonists is that both of them are quite controlling. The grandmother wants her son to change her plan of vacation because she wants to go somewhere else, and for that she uses the excuse of The Misfit, the renegade convict right when the story starts. What is more, during the trip when she wants to visit her old house, she makes up a story to entice her grandchildren who, as expected by her, make a clamor till the father agrees to take them there (425). Mrs. May, similarly, seems to have a very controlling attitude. Even though throughout she has a feeling that she is the victim as nobody would help her, however, it is clear that she is the controlling one in the family – she does not wa nt to let go of the control she has over her sons. This is apparent from the way she gets her will changed so that even after her death her sons would not opt to marry, what she deems to be, low born girls, by putting in a proviso that if they do so, their wives would not inherit any money from them (451). Lastly, both the protagonists had a complicated relationship with their children. Bailey seems to be quite reluctant to listen to his mother, the grandmother of â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find.† What is more, he does not really associate with her much. Throughout the story, he seems aloof from her. Mrs. May’s sons, also, do not really have a close relationship with their mother. They do not follow in her footsteps to take over the farm, instead both of them go out and seek other professions. What is more, they do not appear sympathetic to their mother’s pleas either. This is perhaps due to the fact that she is controlling and feigns her victimization too much for their taste. Either way, the sons are not at all close to their mother nor are they supportive of her in any

Friday, January 24, 2020

If You Want to View Paradise :: Personal Narrative Cane Fields Papers

If You Want to View Paradise When the sugar cane burned a thick pillar of black smoke twisted and grew up from the fields. The beanstalk of cloud was seen from anywhere on the island and for an afternoon everyone stopped their chores, their cars, their machines to exhale at the desecrating monster. The fire lifted soil, plant debris, worker's gloves and t-shirts forgotten in the fields, insects and rats, children forgotten in the fields, all charred to ash, into the air, stirred it up and threw it back to earth to be interpreted by a more creative voodoo. Cane ash cycloned up in the pillar and blew onto nearby communities with the tradewinds. Curled black ash rained down on my brother and me playing basketball in the driveway. The ash, light, tossed in the wind, collected curled in corners like loose pubic hair. The farmers burned the cane purposefully. They followed the flame, directing it to burn row after row. Late into the night they followed the fire in a semi-circle on the upwind side wearing Hula Bowl t-shirts around their faces like bandits to filter the smoke. Train robbers trying to control the steam locomotive with shovels. Trains have a tendency to run away. The fire husked the cane for them and though it burned a portion of the precious sugar it also burned the glass hairs along the stalk that itched skin and throats for days. The cane fields spread in rows like radio waves echoing out from the base of the Waianai mountain range. On these mountains, closer the peaks at the topmost corner, was a preserve, a deathbed for the last pristine area on the island. Here the rarities mingled in an elite cocktail party for the terminally ill. The Ohia Lehua rooted shallow on the cliffsides, its wood trunk dry like beach wood and its blossoms a blood red exploding out like firecrackers from light green dime shaped leaves. Ala ala wai nui crawled out of holes in boulders. It is called a succulent, its leaves absorb water and are thick and peach fuzzed for it. It is strong enough to break rocks but can not conquer a field of pili grass. The Manono's leaves come out two at a time, opposite each other on the same node. They look like cho cho lips, fat lips, puckering up. They are not plants that grow together supporting and encouraging one another to grow.

Thursday, January 16, 2020

Alcohol in Colonial America

The first settlers arrived to the Americas and staked their claim on this new discovery. Something else was waiting for the settlers, a beverage of intoxication. Almost as quickly as they began to organize and sub-divide the land, the immigrants, and true natives to North America shared their beloved drink: alcohol. Cultures of varied races arrived and shared in this most cherished drink. There were uses for alcohol in the earliest colonial times that went beyond a beverage to drink in festive gatherings. There are varied beliefs surrounding the conception of alcohol consumption and its effects on British Colonies. Some are true, others are false. I will construct an investigation surrounding the history of alcohol in Colonial America with persuasive evidence to support my findings. Alcohol, also commonly referred to as spirits in Colonial America had many uses. Alcohol, of course, was used in festive times, but it was also used in religious ceremonies as well and providing medicinal properties to aid in curing ailments. The initial impact of alcohol on the settlers led them to accept it for its varied uses. Although moderate use of alcohol was accepted, society, from its inception into the Americas, frowned upon individuals becoming overly intoxicated. In other words, drunkenness was viewed negatively. Since alcohol was considered a â€Å"gift from the gods† to the natives, the settlers, too, accepted its mind-altering properties as something almost sacred. The growing communities treasured it, just as the natives did. Time and abuse were two components that led to problems for alcohol consumption. Due to its success in the minds of settlers, they partook in alcohol consumption for all three meals of the day: beer with breakfast, hard cider with lunch, beer with supper. In fact, beer and hard cider were the most popular drinks for colonists. As the drinking continued, they wanted to learn how to brew beer. One of the initial problems—aside from increasing abuse of alcoholic drunkenness—was the lack of sufficient ingredients. Barley, grains, hops, and yeast were the main ingredients in a brewing beer. The colonies did not have an ample selection of hops and grains. Harvesting of barley and hops was not a common crop among farmers of this era. Many colonists tried different ingredients, but nothing satisfied the perfect blend of hops, barley, yeast, and grain. By the late 1600’s, cider became a top choice among colonists, mainly due the apple crops that were prevalent in colonial times. Mass production through efficient farming and harvesting by colonists was seen. Thanks again to England for the apples. Farmers increased their work load mainly due to the reward of the final product: cider matured into hard cider (which included alcohol). With the increasing popularity of beer and cider, the settlers discovered a need to increase their selection. The settlers started to import inexpensive yields of sugar cane and molasses to brew another popular drink: rum. Rum quickly gained in popularity for the following reasons: it was cheap to produce and tasted good. By 1700, in Boston, the first commercial distillery was opened. The increase in rum consumption was the first challenge to the beer market. Religion and alcohol found a common link. In fact, many taverns were required to be built near churches or the local town meeting house. The religious zealots accepted alcohol consumption—strictly in moderation, though. Drunkenness, of course, was viewed as sinful. Alcohol soon became a problem in the eyes of the church and laws were established surrounding alcohol. In 1697, in New York, they enacted a law that required all taverns to be closed on Sunday. They required that the Sabbath be set aside as a day solely for reconciliation with the Lord and prayer. In conjunction with the closure of taverns on Sundays, the church required further regulations against alcohol consumption on Saturday nights as well. The main concern for the church was that taverns were gaining more popularity than the Sunday services. The Reverend Charles Woodmason went one step further and cautioned parishioners with the thought that there was a competition between the church and tavern for souls. Reverend Charles was quoted was saying the following, the taverns had â€Å"more company of a Saturday, than in the church on Sunday. † As colonists went into the early part of the 19th century, religion encouraged moderation in any and all alcoholic drinks. Alcohol, aside from the churches persistent concern over drunkenness and a loss of parishioner appeal, had other uses. Alcohol was also widely used in the field of medicine. Many doctors and medical practitioners believed that some of the stronger spirits could prevent disease, cure some common infections, and offer relief to minor aches and pains such as headaches, sore joints and muscles. In these instances, doctors would prescribe rum, hard cider, or whiskey. Doctors also encouraged patients to increase alcohol consumption to relieve emotional or stressful problems in their daily life. In fact, doctors went so far as to prescribe families to drink alcohol in lie of water. They thought that water brought from Europe was contaminated, and, thus, could lead to serious illness. Alcohol consumption was also prescribed to children suffering from viral infections as well as aiding in their development into a stronger, more physically fit individual. A little whiskey and honey went a long way for a sick child. The unusual, or even outlandish, practices went further still: doctors prescribed hard liquor to women who were in labor, a means of numbing some of the intense pain suffered during labor. Midwives would brew what was coined â€Å"groaning ale. This groaning ale contained extremely high contents of alcohol and special spices, all in hopes of easing the child bearing pains. A variation to groaning ale was used by some doctors. This was a little less toxin on the mother and baby. Doctors concocted spirits that were used as an anesthetic. This anesthetic was less expensive and more readily available from household to household than the hard spirits used i n the groaning ale. Alcohol, as with many new products brought to civilized society, began as an innocent and purely beneficial product. Beyond the stress-reducing capacity for hard cider or beer, the early nutritionists thought alcohol had great nutritional value and needed to be added to a person’s health-conscious daily diet regime. Due to this initial nutritious appeal, politicians did not, initially, write legislation limiting alcohol consumption. It was not until 1619, in the state of Virginia, that the first law was passed to control alcohol use. Policy maker main objective was to restrict â€Å"drunkenness,† not prohibit the use of alcohol. This first law enacted a penalty against drunkenness which stated that if you were arrested for being drunk and disorderly, then the fine would be up to 5 shillings or imprisonment. In time, however, politician modified the law to only include a monetary infraction. The reasoning behind this law was because the lower-classes tended to be the ones caught in public, and politicians felt a fine would be viewed as more distressing to the lower-class and curtail drunkenness. The next state to enact legislation surrounding alcohol consumption was Maryland. In Maryland, in 1639, they attempted to limit the amount a person drank. According to law, it was illegal to be drunk in public: â€Å"drunkenness† was defined as â€Å"drinking with excess to the notable perturbation of any organ or sense of motion. † The penalty was the same as in Virginia: 5 shillings. In 1645, Massachusetts jumped on the alcohol bandwagon, passing a law that restricted the amount an individual could consume at any period of time. The law stated the following, â€Å"The courts consider it illegal to drink more than a pint of wine at a time. † Anything over a pint constituted inebriation. On top of this, Massachusetts instituted another statute for ale houses and tavern owners. This statute made it illegal for owners to serve a customer beyond the legal limit, a difficult law to follow. With this statute, however, both the proprietor and customer could be fined for disobeying this law (Austin, Gregory p. 230). The Plymouth colonies chose a different slant in enacting their alcohol legislation. Unlike the Virginian definition for â€Å"drunkenness,† in the Plymouth colony the focus was on motor skills. Plymouth went so far as to define the term which constituted a universal view—throughout almost every colony—that alcohol is not healthy, nor should it be considered beneficial to a person’s health. The Plymouth definition was as follows: they viewed being drunk—not by loss of mobility or amount consumed—but instead by the person’s ability speak clearly: â€Å"A person that lisps or faulters in his speech by reason of drink, or that vomits, or cannot follow his calling. † (Austin, Gregory, p. 240) When we look at gender, women were not considered part of the drinking culture. Most often, women drank in private (Salinger, Sharon p 223). According to historical record, women rarely drank in public in colonial times. It was viewed as unacceptable for a woman. Policy makers enacted different conditions and consequences for each gender. Women were rarely seen in bars and taverns in this period. The brewing of beer, up until the late 1700’s, was an art left for the women to complete. Men would be off at work during the day and women kept the house in order, which included beer and liquor. Home-brewing was very common. In fact, most households that drank brewed their own ale. The Spaniards arrived in the 1700’s and brought wine to the colonies. At the time, vineyards were unheard of; thus, without grapes they could not cultivate, ferment, and produce wine in the colonies. It was brought over on ship. The French soon followed and were able to cultivate the grapes on colony soil. Wine consumption gained in popularity, yet the hard cider was still the preferred drink among the middle class. Germans, too, became part of the alcohol dynamic. The Germans brought better techniques to brewing fine ales and were the first to bring ‘lagers’ to the Americas. All of these countries brought new ideas and new brewing methods to the colonies. In conclusion, it is apparent that the initial discovery of alcohol for the colonies was viewed as a sacred drink. The colonists took the vision of the natives and brought it into their lives as a daily staple. The harms and potential for dangerous situations soon became rampant with all the drunken colonists. Laws were passed and changes were made in various colonies in hopes of curtailing the problems associated with drunken behavior. Even the churches got involved. As new cultures landed from various countries, they discovered new varieties on crafting a very popular beverage. Regardless of all the dangers associated with alcohol consumption, I believe it’s going to continue to be a drink enjoyed throughout the world.

Tuesday, January 7, 2020

The Lexical Approach in Language Teaching

In language teaching, a set of principles based on the observation that an understanding of words and word combinations (chunks) is the primary method of learning a language. The idea is that, rather than have students memorize lists of vocabulary, they would learn commonly used phrases.   The term lexical approach was introduced in 1993 by Michael Lewis, who observed that language consists of grammaticalized lexis, not lexicalised grammar (The Lexical Approach, 1993). The lexical approach is not a single, clearly defined method of language instruction. Its a commonly used term thats poorly understood by most. Studies of literature on the subject often show that its used in contradictory ways. It is largely based on the assumption that certain words will elicit a response with a specific set of words. Students would be able to learn which words are connected in this way. Students are expected to learn the grammar of languages based on recognizing patterns in words.  Ã‚   Examples and Observations The Lexical Approach implies a decreased role for sentence grammar, at least until post-intermediate levels. In contrast, it involves an increased role for word grammar (collocation and cognates) and text grammar (suprasentential features).(Michael Lewis, The Lexical Approach: The State of ELT and a Way Forward. Language Teaching Publications, 1993) Methodological Implications The methodological implications of [Michael Lewiss]  Lexical Approach (1993, pp. 194-195) are as follows: - Early emphasis on receptive skills, especially listening, is essential.- De-contextualized vocabulary learning is a fully legitimate strategy.- The role of grammar as a receptive skill must be recognized.- The importance of contrast in language awareness must be recognized.- Teachers should employ extensive, comprehensible language for receptive purposes.- Extensive writing should be delayed as long as possible.- Nonlinear recording formats (e.g., mind maps, word trees) are intrinsic to the Lexical Approach.- Reformulation should be the natural response to student error.- Teachers should always react primarily to the content of student language.- Pedagogical chunking should be a frequent classroom activity. (James Coady, L2 Vocabulary Acquisition: A Synthesis of the Research. Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition: A Rationale for Pedagogy, ed. by James Coady and Thomas Huckin. Cambridge University Press, 1997) Limitations While the lexical approach can be a quick way for students to pick up phrases, it doesnt foster much creativity. It can have the negative side effect of limiting peoples responses to safe fixed phrases. Because they dont have to build responses, they dont need to learn the intricacies of language.   Adult language knowledge consists of a continuum of linguistic constructions of different levels of complexity and abstraction. Constructions can comprise concrete and particular items (as in words and idioms), more abstract classes of items (as in word classes and abstract constructions), or complex combinations of concrete and abstract pieces of language (as mixed constructions). Consequently, no rigid separation is postulated to exist between lexis and grammar.(Nick C. Ellis, The Emergence of Language As a Complex Adaptive System. The Routledge Handbook of Applied Linguistics, ed. by James Simpson. Routledge, 2011)